IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF HAZARDS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES

SR NO	CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY	ASSOCIATED HAZARDS	EFFECT OF HAZARDS	PREVENTIVE MEASURES / RECOMMENDATIONS
1	Electrical installations and usage	Short Circuiting	Electrocution or fire	Use hand gloves & other PPE
				Don’t lay wires under carpets , mats or door ways
				Employ licensed electricians to carry out electrical installation
				Use one socket for one appliance.
				Ensure usage of only fully insulated, undamaged wires or cables.
				Don’t place bare wire ends in a socket
				Ensure earthing of equipments
				Do not use damaged cords and avoid temporary connections
				Provide all connections through ELCB
				Protect electrical cables / equipments from water and naked flames.
				Check all connections before energizing.
		Over loading of Electrical system	Bursting of system leading to fire	Display voltage and current ratings prominently with Danger signs.
				Ensure approved cable size, voltage grade and type
				Switch of the electrical utilities when not in use.
				Do not allow unauthorized connections.
				Ensure proper grid wise distribution of power.
		Improper laying of overhead under ground transmission lines / cables	Can cause electrocution and prove fatal	Do not lay unamoured cable directly on ground, wall, top of trees. Maintain at least 3 meter distance from HT cables . All temporary cables should be laid at least 750 mm below ground on 100 mm fine sand overlaying by brick soling.
				Proper sleeves should be provided at road crossings.
				Provide cable route markers indicating the type and depth of cables at intervals not exceeding 30 m and at the diversions termination.
2	Working at Heights	Person can fall down	May sustain severe injuries or prove fatal	Provide guard rails / barricades at the work place
				Use PPE like safety belts, full body harness, with two life lines , helmets , safety shoes etc.
				Obtain work permit before starting the work at height above 2 meters.
				Fall arrestor systems like safety nets must be installed
				Provide proper working space ( min 0.6 m x 0.6 m)
				Tie / weld working platform with fixed support.
				Avoid moments on beams.
			May hit the scrap / material stacked at the ground or in between	Keep the work place neat and clean
				Remove the scrap immediately
		Material can fall down	May hit the workers working at lower levels & prove fatal	Same as above plus
				Barricade the area at ground level
				Do not throw or drop materials or equipment from height.
				All tools to be carried in a tool kit bag.
				Remove scraps from the planks.
				Ensure wearing of helmet by the workers at low level
3	Confined Spaces	Suffocation	Unconsciousness / death	Use respiratory devices
				Avoid over crowding inside a confined space
				Provide exhaust fans / ventilation
				Do not use loose clothes.
				Keep a stand by person outside the vessel
				Provide alarm bell to the person inside the confined space.
				Check for reasons of hydro carbons O2 level, toxic gases
				Obtain permit before entering the confined space
				All incoming lines to the tank should be emptied and blank
		Presence of foul smell and toxic substances	Inhalation can pose threat to life	Same as above plus Check for compounds before entering a confined space
				Keep one person outside the confined space for continuing monitoring and for extending help in case of emergency.
		Ignition / flame can cause fire	Person may sustain burr injuries or explosion may occur	Keep fire extinguishers handy
				Remove surplus material and scrap immediately
				Do not smoke inside a confined space
				Do not allow gas cylinders inside a confined space
				Use low voltage (24 V) explosion proof lamps for lighting
				Use pneumatic tools or electric tools with max. 24 V (explosion proof)
				Remove all equipments at the end of the day.
4	Radiography	Ionizing / radiation from source	Radiation may cause diseases like cancer , skin irritation , dermatitis etc	Follow safety guidelines from BARC before commencement of job.
				Employ authorized and trained person with requisite qualifications.
				Barricade the area and install radiation warning symbol.
				Restrict the entry of unauthorized persons.
				Wear appropriate PPE and film badges issued by BARC.
		Transportation and storage of radiography source	Same as above	Never touch or handle radiography source with hands.
				Store radiography source inside approved pit in an exclusive isolated storage room with lock and key arrangement.
				Radiography source shall never be carried in a passenger bus or an passenger compartment of train.
				BARC should be informed before source movement.
		Loss of radioisotope	Same as above	Try to locate with the help of survey meter and inform to BARC
5	Hand Power Tools	Unguarded moving parts like grinding wheels, drill bits.	It may injure the operator. Wheel may get detached,. And hit the passer might by flying missiles causing serious injury.	Use proper guard. Ensure tightening mechanism of the tool.
		Supply of power without earthing	Electrocution	Always use three pin plug. Ensure good earthing.
		Damage tools	Can cause injury.	Always use tested & verified tools.
6	Lifting Activities.	Failure of load lifting & moving equipment	Can cause accident & proved to be fatal	Check periodically oil, brakes, gears, Horns , and tyre pressure of all moving machinery, Check quality, size & condition of all chained pulley blocks, sleeves, Sling, U clamps, D shackle , wire ropes, etc. Allow crane to move only on hard firm and leveled ground . Allow lifting sling as short as possible.
		Overloading of Lifting equipments.	Same as above	Safe Lifting capacity of derricks, and winches should be ascertained, Maximum SWL shall marked on all lifting equipments. Check the weight of columns & other heavy items painted on them and accordingly design above the angle of erection. Allow only trained operators and riggers during crane operations.
		Overhead Electrical wires	Can cause electrocution & fire.	Do not allow boom or the other part of the crane to come within the three meter reach of overhead HT cables.
				Hook & load being lifted shall be preferably remained in full visibility.